Table 5.5: Estimates of Relative Demand for Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurses
| OLS (s.e.) |
Fixed Effects (s.e.) |
Fixed Effects, Instrumenting for LPN Wages (s.e.) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| log (LPN Wage) |
-0.055 |
(0.041) |
0.019** |
(0.006) |
-0.126** |
(0.055) |
| log (RN Wage) |
0.098** |
(0.045) |
0.039** |
(0.007) |
0.046** |
(0.007) |
| log (Nurse Aide Wage) |
-0.234** |
(0.056) |
-0.024** |
(0.006) |
-0.012 |
(0.008) |
| log (Inpatient Days) |
-0.016** |
(0.005) |
-0.002 |
(0.002) |
-0.002 |
(0.002) |
| log (Length of Stay) |
0.027** |
(0.004) |
0.016** |
(0.002) |
0.016** |
(0.002) |
| Case Mix |
-0.070** |
(0.013) |
-0.006 |
(0.005) |
-0.006 |
(0.005) |
| Technology (Saidin Index) |
-0.004** |
(0.001) |
-0.001** |
(0.000) |
-0.001** |
(0.000) |
| log (Medicaid Share of Inpatient Days) |
0.007** |
(0.003) |
0.005** |
(0.001) |
0.005** |
(0.001) |
| For Profit Hospital |
0.027** |
(0.008) |
0.015** |
(0.003) |
0.017** |
(0.003) |
| District Hospital |
0.040** |
(0.010) |
0.022** |
(0.004) |
0.023** |
(0.004) |
| Government (State or local) Hospital |
0.020* |
(0.010) |
0.024** |
(0.003) |
0.024** |
(0.003) |
| Number of HMOs Operating in County |
-0.003** |
(0.001) |
-0.002** |
(0.000) |
-0.002** |
(0.000) |
| HMO Penetration |
-0.070** |
(0.027) |
-0.020** |
(0.007) |
-0.017** |
(0.007) |
| No. of HMOs X HMO Penetration |
0.005* |
(0.003) |
0.004** |
(0.001) |
0.003** |
(0.001) |
| Per Capita Income in County |
-0.000002** |
(0.000) |
0.000001** |
(0.000) |
-0.000001** |
(0.000) |
| Percentage of LPNs Unionized in State |
0.014 |
(0.022) |
0.006* |
(0.003) |
0.006* |
(0.003) |
| Percentage of RNs Unionized in State |
0.004 |
(0.044) |
0.001 |
(0.007) |
-0.005 |
(0.007) |
| 1991 |
-0.008** |
(0.004) |
-0.009** |
(0.002) |
-0.005** |
(0.002) |
| 1992 |
-0.021** |
(0.005) |
-0.024** |
(0.002) |
-0.018** |
(0.003) |
| 1993 |
-0.033** |
(0.006) |
-0.036** |
(0.002) |
-0.030** |
(0.003) |
| 1994 |
-0.030** |
(0.007) |
-0.038** |
(0.002) |
-0.032** |
(0.003) |
| 1995 |
-0.021** |
(0.007) |
-0.040** |
(0.002) |
-0.035** |
(0.003) |
| 1996 |
-0.022** |
(0.007) |
-0.049** |
(0.002) |
-0.044** |
(0.003) |
| 1997 |
-0.012 |
(0.007) |
-0.049** |
(0.002) |
-0.044** |
(0.003) |
| 1998 |
-0.009 |
(0.009) |
-0.057** |
(0.002) |
-0.049** |
(0.004) |
| 1999 |
-0.008 |
(0.010) |
-0.063** |
(0.003) |
-0.052** |
(0.005) |
| 2000 |
-0.010 |
(0.010) |
-0.071** |
(0.003) |
-0.058** |
(0.005) |
| R-Squared |
0.378 |
0.098 |
0.181 |
|||
| N |
43,289 |
43,204 |
43,186 |
|||
*p < 0.10
**p < 0.05
Notes: (1) the dependent variable is log (LPNs as a Proportion of Total Licensed Nurse Staff) (2) all regressions include a constant; and (3) OLS regression uses the cluster (on State) option in Stata.
Sources: American Hospital Association Annual Survey of Hospitals, Current Population Survey Outgoing Rotation Group Files, and Area Resource File. Managed care data courtesy of Douglas R. Wholey.