[2] American Academy of Physician Assistants, 2002 AAPA Physician Assistant Census Report, http://www.aapa.org/research/02census-intro.html.

[3] Health Policy Institute, 2000.

[4] Hooker et al., p. 2.

[5] Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Anthology, Chapter 11, p.2.

[6] Buppert C, Nurse Practitioner’s Business Practice & Legal Guide, Maryland 1999, p. 7.

[7] Third Age, Nurse Practitioner Profession, http://thirdage.adam.com/ency/article/001934.htm, p. 1.

[8] Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Anthology, Chapter 11, p. 2.

[9] American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2000-2001 Enrollment and Graduations in Baccalaureate and Graduate Programs in Nursing.

[10] White Paper of the Consortium for Quality Nurse Practitioner Education, http://www.aanp.org/NR/rdonlyres/e5t66jqu7scgkf3pvrlkfgrw5hiv2i7kfmhssyisrvdcetob7sz4xtkay6xrncsqcrwtk2vkznylgn/White%252bPaper.pdf

[11] American Association of Colleges of Nursing. Table 21a.

[12] Data collected from State Boards of Nursing and/or Other Regulatory Agencies by Health Policy Institute of the Medical College of Wisconsin , 2000.

[13] Hooker et al., p. 24.

[14] Hooker et al., p. 2 and p. 17.

[15] Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Institute for the Future, Health and Health Care 2010, Chapter 6, http://www.rwjf.org/app/rw_publications_and_links/publicationsPdfs/iftf/chapter_6/ch6.  p. 1.

[16] Parkland School of Nurse Midwifery, p. 1.

[17] Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Anthology, Chapter 11, p. 4. 

[18] Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Anthology, Chapter 11, p. 4

[19] History of Midwifery in the United States, Parkland School of Nurse Midwifery,

[20] History of Midwifery in the United States, Parkland School of Nurse Midwifery,

[21] Health Policy Institute, 2000.

[22] American College of Nurse Midwives, Education Programs, http://www.midwife.org/edu/postbacc.cfm.

[23] Vann MK, CNM, MSN, Professional Autonomy for Midwives, An Essential Component of Collaborative Practice, Journal of Nurse-Midwifery, Vol. 43, No. 1, January/February 1998, p. 41.

[24] About ACC, American College of Nurse Midwifery Certification Council, http://www.accmidwife.org/misc_aboutacc.php.

[25] American College of Nurse Midwives, Nurse Midwifery Today, A Handbook of State Laws and Regulations 2000, Washington, DC, 2000, p. xv.

[26] ACNM, Basic Facts

[27] Hodson R and Sullivan TA, The Social Organization of Work, Belmont, California, 2002, p. 295.

[28] Hodson, p. 295

[29] Hodson, p. 296 

[30] Hodson, p. 298

[31] Hodson, p. 297

[32] AAPA, Facts At A Glance.

[33] American College of Nurse-Midwives (ACNM), “Basic Facts About Certified Nurse-Midwives”, http://www.midwife.org/prof/display.cfm?id=6.

[34] ACNM, Basic Facts.

[35] Langelier MH. “Scope of Practice of NPs, PAs, and CNMs in Ohio, Fieldwork Summary Report”. Rensselaer, NY: Center for Health Workforce Studies. 2001.

Palazzo L, Hart LG, Skillman SM. “Scope of Practice Project Report, Oregon”. Seattle, WA: WWAMI Center for Health Workforce Studies. 2001.

McClure C, Russinof H, and Cooksey JA. Illinois Field Report on the Scope of Practice of PAs, NPS, and CNMs”. Chicago, IL: Illinois Center for Health Workforce Studies. 2001.

Gott S. “The Practice of Non-Physician Clinicians in Texas”. San Antonio, TX: Center for Health Economics and Policy, UT San Antonio. 2001.

North Carolina Center for Nursing. “Examination of the Impact of Expanded Scope of Practice Laws on Improving Access to Health Care for the Underserved”. Chapel Hill, NC: North Carolina Center for Nursing. 2001.

Langelier MH. “Scope of Practice of NPs, PAs, and CNMs in New York, Fieldwork Summary Report”. Rensselaer, NY: Center for Health Workforce Studies. 2002.

Langelier MH. “Scope of Practice of NPs, PAs, and CNMs in California, Fieldwork Summary Report”. Rensselaer, NY: Center for Health Workforce Studies. 2001.

[36] Partnerships for Training, San Joaquin Valley Health Consortium, http://www.sjvhc.org/programs/pft/index.htm.  

[37] Partnerships for Training Projects, http://www.uchsc.edu/ahec/mapp/about/pft.htm. 

[38] Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development and the Center for California Health Workforce Studies at the University of California, San Francisco, “Nurse Practitioners, Physician Assistants, & Certified Nurse Midwives in California”, San Francisco, California, Spring 2000.

[39] Partnerships for Training, San Joaquin Valley Health Consortium, http://www.sjvhc.org/programs/pft/index.htm. 

[40] Partnerships for Training Projects, http://www.uchsc.edu/ahec/mapp/about/pft.htm. 

[41] Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development and the Center for California Health Workforce Studies at the University of California, San Francisco, “Nurse Practitioners, Physician Assistants, & Certified Nurse Midwives in California”, San Francisco, California, Spring 2000.