Nursing Aides, Home Health Aides, and Related Health Care Occupations -- National and Local Workforce Shortages and Associated Data Needs

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Chapter 1. Project Overview | Chapter 2. Paraprofessional Workforce Supply and Demand | Chapter 3. Important Data Issues | Chapter 4. Existing National Data Sources | Chapter 5. State-Level Data Issues | Chapter 6. Occupation and Industry Classification Systems | Chapter 7. Current Data Collection Practice: CNA Registries | Chapter 8. Conclusions | Appendix A. Project Advisory Committee | Appendix B. Proposed State Data Collection Instrument | Appendix C. Occupational and Industry Definitions | Appendix D. Sample Data | Appendix E. Issues from Four States | Appendix F. CNA Registry Details | Appendix G. Annotated Bibliography | Appendix H. References

Appendix H. References

This appendix presents references noted in the report.

1. Banaszak-Holl J and Hines MA. “Factors Associated with Nursing Home Staff Turnover.” The Gerontologist.36(4):512-517. 1996.
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3. Burger SG, et al. June 2000. “Malnutrition and Dehydration in Nursing Homes: Key Issues in Prevention and Treatment.” The Commonwealth Fund. www.cmwf.org.
4. Burgio LP and Burgio KL. 1990. “Institutional Staff Training and Management: A Review of the Literature and a Model for Geriatric Long-Term Care.” International Journal of Aging and Human Development. 30:287-302.
5. Burgio LD and Seilley K. 1994. “Caregiver Performance in the Nursing Home: The Use of Staff Training and Management Procedures.” Seminars in Speech and Language. 15 (1): 313-322.
6. Case B, Himmelstein DU, and Woolhandler S. 2002. “No Care for the Caregivers: Declining Health Insurance Coverage for Health Care Personnel and their Children, 1988-1998”. American Journal of Public Health (Vol. 92, No 3).
7. Crown WH. “A National Profile of Homecare, Nursing Home, and Hospital Aides.” Generations, Fall, p. 29. 1994.
8. Dawson SL, Kempski A, and Tyler S. Cheating Dignity, The Direct Care Wage Crisis in America. Washington, DC: AFSCME. 2001.
9. Diamond T. 1992. Making Gray Gold: Narratives of Nursing Home Care. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
10. Elsas M. Testimony before the Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions, U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C. May 17, 2001.
11. Federal Register Notice of September 30, 1999,
12. Foner N. 1994. The Care giving Dilemma: Work in an American Nursing Home. Berkeley: University of California Press.
13. Forschner BE, Houseman JJ, Luken BA, and Dressman TC. 2001. “Agency-Free at Last!” Health Progress. Catholic Health Association of the United States. November-December.
14. Feder J, Komisar HL, and Niefeld M. Long-Term Care In the United States: An Overview, Health Affairs, Volume 19, Number 3, May/June 2000 p. 41.
15. Franks PE, Chapman SA, Nowicki M, and Mukherjea A. Trends, Issues, and Projections of Supply and Demand for Nursing Aides and Home Health Care Aides in California. San Francisco: Center for Health Professions, University of California. March 2002.
16. General Accounting Office. Nursing Workforce: Recruitment and Retention of Nurses and Nurse Aides Is a Growing Concern. Testimony before the Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions, U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C. May 17, 2001.
17. Hawkins AM, Burgio LD, Langford A, and Engel BT. “The Effects of Verbal and Written Supervisory Feed Back on Staff in Compliance with Assigned Prompted-Voiding in a Nursing Home.” Journal of Organizational Behavior Management. 13:373-376.1992.
18. Health Care Financing Administration. Appropriateness of Minimum Nurse Staffing Ratios in Nursing Homes. Executive Summary. 2000. http://www.cga.state.ct.us/pri/archives/ 2000sifinalappendix_D.pdf -
19. Henry J. Kaiser Foundation. Long-Term Care: Medicaid’s Role and Challenges, Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured, Policy Brief, Washington, D.C., November 1999.
20. Himmelstein DU, Lewontin JP, and Woolhandler S. “Medical Care Employment in the United States, 1968 to 1993: The Importance of Health Sector Jobs for African Americans and Women.” American Journal of Public Health, April, Vol. 86, No. 4. 1996.
21. House P, Skillman S, and Hart G. Wyoming Report. Seattle: WWAMI Center for Health Workforce Studies. 2002.
22. Iowa Caregivers Association. Certified Nurse Assistant Recruitment and Retention Project, “At a Glance.” Des Moines, IA. 1999.
23. Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured, November 1999. Policy Brief Long Term Care: Medicaid’s Roles and Challenges. p 3.
24. Kopiec K. The Work Experiences of Certified Nursing Assistants in New Hampshire. Concord, NH: New Hampshire Community Loan Fund. 2000.
25. Langelier MH and Wing P. Nurse Aides and Home Health Aides in New York State. Rensselaer, NY: Center for Health Workforce Studies. University at Albany. April 2002.
26. Larson A, Lakin KC, and Bruininks RH. Staff Recruitment and Retention: Study Results and Intervention Strategies. Washington, D.C.: American Association on Mental Retardation. 1998.
27. Leon J, Marainen J, and Marcotte J. Pennsylvania’s Frontline Workers in Long-Term Care: The Provider Organization Perspective. Jenkintown, PA: Polisher Geriatric Institute at the Philadelphia Geriatric Center. 2001.
28. Leon J and Franco SJ. “Home and Community-Based Workforce.” Final Report prepared for the Henry J. Kaiser Foundation. July 1998a.
29. Leon J and Franco SJ. (1998b). Home and community-based workforce. Bethesda, MD: Project Hope Center for Health Affairs.
30. National Association for Home Care. Testimony submitted to the House Committee on Education and the Workforce Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, February 17, 2000.
31. National Association for Home Care. New HCFA data build care for home health relief. NAHC Report No. 871. July 21, 2000.
32. North Carolina Division of Facility Services. November 2000. Results of a Follow-up survey to States on Wage Supplements for Medicaid and other Public Funding to Address Aide Recruitment and Retention in Long-Term Care settings. North Carolina Division of Facility Services.
33. Occupational Outlook. US Department of Labor, BLS. National Industry-Occupation Employment Matrix. http://www.bls.gov/opub/mpbls/oep002.htm#a.
34. Paraprofessional Healthcare Institute. National Survey on State Initiatives to Improve Paraprofessional Healthcare Employment. Bronx, NY. 2000.
35. Schnelle GF, Neuman D, White M, Abbey J, Wallstrom KA, Fogarty T, and Ory M. “Maintaining Continence in Nursing Home Residents through the Application of Industrial Quality Control.” The Gerontologist. 33, 114-121, 1993.
36. Service Employees International Union. Caring ‘Til it Hurts: How Nursing Home Work Is Becoming the Most Dangerous Job in America. Washington, D.C. 1997.
37. Stoil MJ. Remember Vencor. Nursing Homes Long-Term Care Management. 48, 11. November 1999.
38. Stone R. Frontline Workers in Long-Term Care: A Background Paper. Washington, D.C.: Institute for the Future of Aging Services, American Association of Homes and Services for the Aging. Unpublished. 2001
39. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics, http://www.bls.gov/oes/home.htm
40. U.S. Congressional Budget Office. Projections of Expenditures for Long-Term Care Services for the Elderly. March 1999. www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1123&sequence=0&from=1
41. Wilner M and Wyatt A. 1998. Paraprofessionals on the Frontlines: Improving Their Jobs–Improving the Quality of Long-Term Care. Paraprofessional Healthcare Institute.
42. Wilner M. 1994. “Working It Out: Support Groups for Nursing Assistants.” Generations. Vol. XVIII, No.3, Fall.
43. Yamada Y. Profile of Home Care Aides, Nursing Home Aides, and Hospital Aides: Historical Changes and Data Recommendations. The Gerontologist, 42 (2), 199-206. 2002.
44. 2000 National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates. US Department of Labor, BLS. Industry-Occupation Employment Matrix.http://www.bls.gov/oes/2000/oes_nat.htm.